The Most Powerful Nation on the Planet

Introduction The recent scientific and technological developments in China have attracted a lot of attention in the international forum. The country’s economy is growing at an extremely high rate and this means that the current advancements will surely be sustained and even made better in the future (Cooper 57).Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on The Most Powerful Nation on the Planet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The rate at which the country’s power is increasing with regard to science and technology has led many to conclude that China is the most powerful nation on the planet (Hughes 125). While some people think so, others have remained skeptical about any possibility of China ever becoming a superpower in the new future. This paper aims at presenting argumentative evidence that China is indeed the most powerful nation on the planet when it comes to science and technology while at the same time analyzing the arguments of the skeptics who are against that fact. China as the most powerful nation on the Planet in terms of Science and technology Early technological innovations in China With the Chinese mainland being home to the one of the oldest world civilizations, many innovations were, as a result, made in china many years before any other place (Hughes 134). Major inventions such as that of the woodblock and the movable type printing, the magnetic compass, the cast iron and the iron plough, propeller, crossbow, gunpowder among others were made in China many centuries ago (Hughes 135). The major discoveries made in Europe came in the16th century during the scientific revolution, which was very late in relation to the inventions made in China. Science and technology had, however, stagnated in China and many years passed without any significant discoveries and inventions being made. The condition worsened further at the formation of the People’s Republic of China und er the leadership of Mao Zedong and the introduction of communism (Jasanoff 43). In other parts of the world, major scientific discoveries and inventions were being done and perfected while China stagnated. The leadership of Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s set the pace for the current scientific and technological excellence in China. Because of this, the excellence of China and the claim of being the world’s most powerful nation can be defended through considering both the input and the out sides (Lovell 562).Advertising Looking for thesis on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More China as a Science and Technology (ST) superpower Among the many striking â€Å"features of science and technology trends in China is the high level of commitment that the political class and the Chinese people are giving to science and technology† (Jing 5). The elite commitment and support, as well as the popular enthusiasm, are considered a lot by those who are interpreting China’s achievements in the field and as a result award it a superpower status. In order to understand these sentiments, it is important for the modern Chinese quest in the fields of science and technology to be reflected upon briefly. The technological superiority of the Western powers in the and Japan since the 19th century contributed to national humiliations in china which contributed to the desire by the Chinese people to venture actively into the fields of science and technology (Kong, and Agron 127). Political leaders in China since the 1920s embraced the idea that in order to achieve the dream of the ‘wealthy and powerful’ china, modern science and industry needed to be effectively developed. Wars, revolutions and political extremism, however, constantly frustrated China’s efforts of making it globally in the fields of science and technology during the twentieth century. The last three decades have been the best period in China as far as developments in science and technology are concern. This is mostly since the year 1978 to this day. The political stability, steady growth in the country’s economy, positive reforms in the national institutions and participation in the global forum through the productive engagements with the international society are factors that have led to the rapid growth in science and technology in China to achieve the position of the most powerful nation in the world (Kynge 214). Within that short period, China has managed to achieve the scientific and technological development that has been elusive for over a century. Political elites, as well as the public, have played significant roles in ensuring that the conditions that have ensured the rapid growth in the status of the country and maintained and further developments made. Among the important conditions, which both the general Chinese society and the political elites have sought to provide is financial sup port. The county’s spending on research and development has risen from â€Å"0.6% in the year 1996 to 1.82% in the year 2011† (Jeng 6).Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on The Most Powerful Nation on the Planet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This figure places China ahead of many countries that are considered powers in terms of scientific and technological developments such as Russia and the OECD countries. This spending figure places China in the class of the most superior nations of the world such as the USA and the fact that the figure is predicted to be more than 2.5% by the year 2020 means that China is expected to top the chart (Jeng 7). The fact that china exhibits high levels of â€Å"cultivation of human resources and the support of science education† (Jing 15) is proof that China stands as the most powerful nation in the world (Jing 14). Because of this, there is an apparent wealth of talent in China. For instance, a survey conducted in China in the year 2006 revealed that, among the 1.5 million workers in china, 1.2 million of them were scientists and engineers (Jing 15). In addition, there were about eight million students in the institutions of higher learning. Most of them took science and technology courses such as engineering, medicine, agriculture among others. During the same year, about 20,000 doctorates in the fields of science and engineering were offered which by then placed China in the third position after the US and Russia (Jing 15). The ‘Science Diaspora’ and the ‘brain circulation’ programs have played a significant role in the development of science and technology in China. There are programs that encourage the interaction of the Chinese scientists with those working at home to â€Å"ensure that the science industry in China is at par with the rest of the world† (Jing 15). A conglomeration of these trends has resulted to the transformation of Science and technology industry in China making it younger, results oriented, very productive and extremely cosmopolitan an inline with the world’s prevailing trends in science and technology. The elite commitment in the revitalization of science and technology institutions has ensured that China claims the recently highly ranked position on the planet as far as science and technology is concerned (Jaime 2). Hundreds of government research institutes have been reorganized and underpinned, therefore, revitalizing the RD in the business sector (Jaime 2). For instance, in the recent times, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been strengthened as part of the Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP). Chinese universities have been reoriented to assume a global outlook, therefore, becoming very important centers of science and technology excellence. The Chinese government has also made massive reforms in the county’s economic policies, therefore, making it possible for foreign investors and multi-national organizations to establish RD activities in the country (Jeng 12). These activities have resulted to the widening of the Chinese technical community to a point whereby it has claimed excellence. In fact, the existing RD activities in China that are sponsored by multi-nationals and foreign investors were more than 1200 by the year 2008 (Jeng 12). These commitments by the MNCs have reinforced the role of China as a very important ‘node of innovation’ in the global arena.Advertising Looking for thesis on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The introduction of the MLP in the year 2006 marks another important effort of the political elite in China in an effort to achieve and sustain power in the fields of science and technology (Li, and Richard 22). The plans have been since then considered as a manifesto aimed at supporting the Science and Technology superpower status that the Chinese Republic currently enjoys. The plan also advocates for China to become an â€Å"innovation oriented society† by the wake of 2020 (Kong, and Agron 130). By such time, it has been predicted that China will have significantly reduced its reliance on foreign technological expertise and will, as a result, be an independent leader in science and engineering. With most of the above claims being in the form of inputs that have ensured that China is considered a global leader in terms of science of technology, there are other claims in the form of the outputs or the achievements that China has done so far which acts as proof of its leadersh ip (Suttmejer 320). Among the major outputs or the significant technological achievements, which China has made so far is its space program. These achievements have brought China in the lime light as one among the few nations of the world that have mustered the sophisticated technologies and integrated them into a complex system. China recently launched the unmanned Tiangong- 1 or the ‘Heavenly Palace’ from China’s Jiuquan Launch Centre (Jaime 22). This marked one of the most significant achievements of China’s technological and scientific ambitions. By the year 2007, China was the world’s leading technocracy (a nation ruled by engineers and scientists who hold the belief that it is only through achieving new technologies that the country can achieve social and economic progress) (Kong, and Agron 135). The innovation system employed by the Chinese may be having its shortcomings, but the fact remains that it has excelled greatly through the rapid res ource mobilization. Most of those who doubt the quality of the Chinese inventions are simply skeptic and engulfed in ignorance according to Yang (21). This is because their doubts are continuously being proven wrong through the highest quality and they are simply finding others to keep the arguments going ahead. The rapid increase in patenting activities in China is another proof that it is the most powerful nation on the planet with regard to scientific and technological innovations. In fact, the country ranks highest when it comes to the production of scientific literature such as SCI indexed papers, EI and ISTP papers (Wong 14). Scientific research and development has produced the best and the most reliable results in China recently considering the rate at which reports of such research activities have inspired new inventions. China has also achieved leadership when it comes to the high-technology exports, which also serve as proof that the nation has already achieved the superpo wer status. In addition to this, China’s domestic market has growth substantially with the penetration of IT suggesting the powerful market pull that will definitely trigger domestic innovations. The Chinese society has become connected by the latest information technology more than any other society in the world. In the wake of 2010, China scientists developed the world’s fastest supercomputer as well as the fastest train (Yang 26). Most of the criticism that the superpower thesis in China faces from skeptics is based on the questions concerning the quality of the research and development ventures that China has indulged in (Yang 12). Most of the critics argue from the grounds of whether or not the money that is used to fund the research and development activities in China is being well spent. The government ensures that there is unquestionable transparency in accounting for the money that is intended to benefit the Chinese technical community. Commissions are formed that ensure that the money is utilized for the planned purposes and the success of such commissions can be seen through the success that the ventures are achieving especially through the output (Yang 36). In a variety of measures, the achievements that China has made in science and technology within the past thirty years are impressive (Sigurdson 569). Political leaders in China, as opposed to those of other nations in the world who have the ambition of seeing their countries to achieving the prestige of science superpowers, pay a close attention to issues concerning research and development. Scientific and technological achievements in China are celebrated by the media more than any other place in the world with makes the entire society to feel like part of the scientific innovations. This fosters a sense of national pride and loyalty among the local people who subsequently strive to achieve more and more (Schwaag 67). China in the year 2010 made the most powerful and responsible s tatement in the world as far as the environment conservation efforts are concerned by investing more money in the production of clean energy. China hit a record of $54.4 billion for the manufacture of wind turbines, solar energy units and other forms of clean technology (Jeng 26). Conserving the environment while the other powerful nations of the world are just increasing the carbon footprint is a major achievement that with no doubt places China above all other nations that claim power in the fields of science and technology in the world. In addition, GE recently made an investment of $2 billion dollars with China in an effort to develop more â€Å"environment friendly technologies and open up more job opportunities in the country† (Jeng 28). Since the emergence of stem cell research in the 1990s, China has been active in the venture. The potential research aimed at coming up with treatments for diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and tissue repair (Ho 2 39). There are currently more than 400 researchers and Chinese experts working in that field now. These experts are spread over in over thirty institutions in the country, which provides proof of China as the nation, which has so far shown the biggest support and improvement for the research (Zing 259). There have been notable achievements so far such as the successful cloning of animal species such as cattle, goats as well as the first ever successful cloning of a rat. There have been established a network of cord blood stem banks in the whole country for both research and clinical use (Ho 243). With China being the largest nation in the world with respect to its human population, it is best placed considering the large workforce and the ready market for the technological and scientific inventions. As argued by Farrell (30), globalization results in the cities and regions competing forever over smaller niches. The most striking aspects of science and innovation strategies of both t he Guangzhou and Shenzhen are based on how the two build the existing niches. They do this by concentrating more on how they apply science to processing and manufacturing rather than on basic science. This is generally inspired by the desire to satisfy the needs of the populations with affordable consumer products. As a result, the different science and technology cities of China have specialized in different avenues, which reduce the conflicts of interest. Cities such as Beijing and Shanghai have concentrated on basic science while others such as Guangzhou and Shenzhen concentrating entirely on the production of consumer products (Zing 458). This ensures that efforts aimed at achieving excellence from all perspectives are carried along at the same time. For instance, the two-telecom companies in Shenzhen: Huawei and ZTE are becoming serious contenders in the global telecoms arena while at the same time striving to satisfy the needs of the local community (Aho 3). Conclusion China h as testified to the world that it deserves the title of the world’s most powerful nation when it comes to science and technology. This follows the commitment that research and development activities have received in china from both the political elite and the technical community. Other outstanding inputs that China has made in developing and sustaining science and development are above what other nations of the world have done so far or are willing to do in the near future (Jeng 30). The most notable of this is the recent record that China set with regard to the investment it made in the development of clean energy and technology. The other countries of the world instead insist on using organic oils, therefore, increasing carbon footprint. China has set the pace for the other nations who dream of making it in the future of technology to follow (Schwaag 69). The rapid growth in the fields of science and technology as evidenced by the most recent achievements in space science p rove china’s leadership when it comes to the sophisticated science (Minder 238). The quality of Chinese innovations is par the world standards considering that most of the Chinese scientists and experts were trained in other nations in Europe and America that earlier claimed leadership in the innovations (Jeng 31). Works Cited Aho, Yeh. â€Å"China lab aims to lead way in research.† Financial Times 8 Dec. 2005. Print. Cooper, Ramo. Brand China. London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2006. Print. Farrell, Daniel, and Aille Grant. â€Å"China’s looming talent shortage.† McKinsey Quarterly 4 (2005): 12-34. Print. Ho, Jia. â€Å"Controversial Chinese gene-therapy drug entering unfamiliar territory.† Nature  Reviews: Drug Discovery 5.1(2006): 235-246. Print. Hughes, Charles. Chinese Nationalism in the Global Era. Abingdon: Routledge, 2006. Print. Jaime, Watts. â€Å"China plans first space walk in 2007.† Guardian 18 Oct 2005. Print. Jasanoff, Samuel. D esigns on Nature .Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005. Print. Jeng, Sung. â€Å"US$425 million to boost Chinese innovation.† SciDev.net 30 May 2006. Print. Jing, Oliver. Scientific literacy: a new strategic priority for China, 2006. Web. Kong, Dan and Agron Segal. â€Å"The siren song of technonationalism.† Far Eastern  Economic Review 169.2 (2006): 123-143. Print. Kynge, Jean. China Shakes the World. London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 2006. Print. Li, Tonny, and Richard Florida. Talent, technological innovation and economic growth in  China. Beijing: Richard Florida Creativity Group, 2006. Print. Lovell, Jameson. The Great Wall: China against the world 1000BC–AD2000. London: Atlantic Books, 2006. Print. Minder, Richard. â€Å"Chinese poised to outstrip Europe on RD.† Financial Times 10 Oct 2005. Print. Schwaag, Serger. China: from shop floor to knowledge factory?’ in M Karlsson (ed),  The Internationalization of Corporate RD. Stoc kholm: IPTS, 2006. Print. Sigurdson, Jean. Technological Superpower China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2005. Print. Suttmejer, Richard et al. Standards of Power? Technology, institutions and politics in  the development of China’s National Standards Strategy. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2006. Print. Wong, Chong. â€Å"China to build 30 new science and technology parks.† SciDev.net 19 Apr. 2006. Print. Yang, Rao, Bain Lu, and Long Tsou. â€Å"Chinese science needs a fundamental Transformation.† Nature 432 18 Nov 2004. Print. Zing, Peng. â€Å"Current status of Gendicine in China: recombinant human Ad-p53 agent for treatment of cancers.† Human Gene Therapy 16(2005): 453-467. Print. This thesis on The Most Powerful Nation on the Planet was written and submitted by user Nathalie Mercado to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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On July 20, 1993 my oldest daughter was born. She was a healthy 6lb. 5oz. baby girl. When took her home, she started sleeping all night within a couple of weeks. She was lively and just a joy. Little did I know that within a few short months her life would change drastically. January 9th, 1994, was a cold, winter day. Bryanna, (my daughter) was asleep on the floor. Since it was so cold I picked her up and put her into the middle of my waterbed. I placed a cover over her and walked away. About on hour later I heard her start screaming. My husband ran into the bedroom and scooped her up off of the floor. She had fallen off of the bed. She had a lump form on the right side of her head immediately. My husband and I decided to take her to the hospital to get her checked out. When we got to the hospital they put us in a room to await x-rays. After the x-rays were taken the doctor came in and said that everything was fine but she began to cry uncontrollably so he decided to go ahead and do a cat scan. After the CAT scan I went out to talk to my husband and let him know what was going on when a nurse asked me to bring my daughter back to the room. When we walked past the room I was in earlier, I knew something was wrong. The next thing I knew a nurse grabbed her out of my arms and started putting oxygen on her and putting IV’s all over her little body. I ran and got my husband. After we got back to the room, the doctor cam and told us our daughter had a scull fracture that had severed one of the main arteries in her head. She was slowly bleeding to death. They had called lifeline at Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis. I had to leave the hospital in Terre Haute before my daughter so that I could be in Indianapolis when she got there. When I left here I didn’t know if I would even see my daughter alive again. The hospital said they didn’t know if she would make it or not. When I got to Methodis... Free Essays on Every Parents Nightmare Free Essays on Every Parents Nightmare On July 20, 1993 my oldest daughter was born. She was a healthy 6lb. 5oz. baby girl. When took her home, she started sleeping all night within a couple of weeks. She was lively and just a joy. Little did I know that within a few short months her life would change drastically. January 9th, 1994, was a cold, winter day. Bryanna, (my daughter) was asleep on the floor. Since it was so cold I picked her up and put her into the middle of my waterbed. I placed a cover over her and walked away. About on hour later I heard her start screaming. My husband ran into the bedroom and scooped her up off of the floor. She had fallen off of the bed. She had a lump form on the right side of her head immediately. My husband and I decided to take her to the hospital to get her checked out. When we got to the hospital they put us in a room to await x-rays. After the x-rays were taken the doctor came in and said that everything was fine but she began to cry uncontrollably so he decided to go ahead and do a cat scan. After the CAT scan I went out to talk to my husband and let him know what was going on when a nurse asked me to bring my daughter back to the room. When we walked past the room I was in earlier, I knew something was wrong. The next thing I knew a nurse grabbed her out of my arms and started putting oxygen on her and putting IV’s all over her little body. I ran and got my husband. After we got back to the room, the doctor cam and told us our daughter had a scull fracture that had severed one of the main arteries in her head. She was slowly bleeding to death. They had called lifeline at Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis. I had to leave the hospital in Terre Haute before my daughter so that I could be in Indianapolis when she got there. When I left here I didn’t know if I would even see my daughter alive again. The hospital said they didn’t know if she would make it or not. When I got to Methodis...

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Gestalt in Counseling and Therapy - Article Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that officially originated by Max Wertheimer and his two students Wolfgang Kà ¶hler and Kurt Koffka, â€Å"gestalt is a German word, which means organized whole, form, shape and pattern. There is a basic premise that the organized whole is greater than the sum of its parts†. â€Å"†¦ It accentuates concepts like emergent properties, holism, and context† as applied in its several varied â€Å"organizing principles called gestalt laws†. The fundamental of which is the law of prà ¤gnanz that says: â€Å"we are innately driven to experience things in as good a gestalt as possible, [where] ‘good’ can mean many things†¦ such as, regular, orderly, simplicity, symmetry, and so on, which they refer to specific gestalt laws†. Most common of which is the law of proximity, where â€Å"†¦ elements tend to be grouped together depending on their closeness†; the law of similarity, where â€Å" elements will be grouped perceptually if they are similar to each other†; the law of symmetry, where â€Å"symmetrical areas tend to be seen as figures against asymmetrical backgrounds"; the law of closure, where â€Å"items are grouped together if they tend to complete a pattern†; and the law of continuation where â€Å"the eye is compelled to move through one object and continue to another object†. But, most of all, â€Å"gestalt theory is well known for its concept of insightful learning [as shown in] solving a problem by means of the recognition of a gestalt or organizing principles†.

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Homo Erectus and the Colonization of Asia - Essay Example These early hominids experienced the interpreted environmental changes. These changes, however, probably had little negative affect on this hominid. In fact, the adaptations that permitted Homo erectus to leave Africa were most likely well suited to the open woodland environments subsequently encountered. These adaptations include larger body size compared to earlier hominids, bipedality, linear body proportions, and a more sophisticated tool kit (Spencer, 1997). Specifically, bipedality would have permitted foraging in open environments (Rodman and McHenry, 1980), whereas large body size would have been useful for surviving interactions with large predators also found in these habitats (Walker, 1993). Others (Anton et al., 2002) have suggested that the maintenance of this large body size, as well as increased brain size, may have resulted from greater nutritional dependence on animal fat and protein. This may have necessitated the increase in tool sophistication for acquiring this additional component of the diet. Finally, the long, linear body proportions found in Homo erectus might have been an advantage for heat dissipation in tropical, open grasslands, like those found in Java during this time (Ruff, 1994). Anton et al. (2002) have proposed a model for the initial hominid dispersal from Africa. They suggest that ecological change provided an increase in niches within grassland and wooded grassland environments for terrestrial herbivores. Hominids of relatively larger brain and body size, in turn, took advantage of these animal resources and ultimately increased their own reproductive success (Leonard and Robertson, 1997; Anton et al., 2002). As foraging strategy and the ecosystem structure changed, the home range of these hominids increased leading to greater dispersal capability. Additionally, the dispersing herbivores not only provided a subsistence resource but may have also served as an impetus for hominid dispersal (Anton et al., 2002). It has been shown that the Middle Pleistocene faunas of Java are closely related to the faunas of India and Burma (de Vos, 1995). Thus, based on the model of Anton et al. (2002), it can be inferred that as these species migrated southward, they began to occupy the open grasslands, densely vegetated river valleys, and upland forests of Java during the Early to Middle Pleistocene. As the hominids followed the migrating herbivores, they too would have taken advantage of the resources afforded by the landscape at this time. The Sunda Shelf then became exposed approximately 800,000 years ago, grasslands expanded, and more species began to enter Java. This increased resource base may have lead to increased reproductive success of Homo erectus. 3 The Asian Homo erectus The relationship of Asian Homo erectus to Asian Homo sapiens has long been a source of discussion. In the simplest terms this problem takes the form of whether or not modern and recent Asian populations show morphological affinities to earlier populations attributed to Homo erectus. Again the currently unresolved question of the genetic

Four Framework Approach to Richard Branson

Four Framework Approach to Richard Branson Introduction Leadership was once about hard skills such as planning, finance and business analysis. When command and control ruled the corporate world, the leaders were heroic rationalists who moved people around like pawns and fought like stags. When they spoke, the company employees jumped. The entire career system in some organizations is based on using hard functional skills to progress. But when executives reach the top of the organization, many different skills are required. Corporate leaders may find that although they can do the financial analysis and the strategic planning, they are poor at communicating ideas to employees or colleagues, or have little insight into how to motivate people. The modern CEO requires an array of skills. Some suggest that people expect too much of leaders. Indeed, renaissance men and women are rare. Leadership in a modern organization is highly complex and it is increasingly difficult. It is sometimes impossible for finding all the necessary traits in a single person. Among the most crucial skills is the ability to capture audiences. Richard Branson, the funder of Virgin Group and Virgin Atlantic Airline could be one of best leader in the industry. Biography According to Virgin group website, Richard Branson was born in July 18, 1950 in Surrey, England. He is the son of a lawyer and an airline stewardess. He was educated at the exclusive Stowe School, but did not excel, possibly due to his nearsightedness and dyslexia. In his teens he developed a national magazine, Student at the Age of Sixteen. At seventeen he began a student advisory service. After leaving school, Branson entered the music industry. Considering that he could sell records cheaper than the existing average, he started a mail-order catalogue with friends. It was a success, and they opened a record discount shop. They named the business Virgin, because it was their first venture. Virgin Airlines is one of Bransons main businesses. Formed in 1984, it is part owned by Singapore Airlines, and it is the second largest British long haul international airline, and has won many awards. During the 1990s the fleet and the air route network expanded and a Premium Economy service was introduced. In 2003 Virgin Atlantic launched the innovative Upper Class Suite with a flat bed and seat, and in 2006 the Virgin Clubhouse opened at Heathrow with a spa, brasserie, cocktail bar, hair salon and games room. Branson is also well known for his personal adventures by Virgin Atlantic Flyer. In 2010, and less than 40 years after the original conception of the Branson Virgin businesses, Branson boasted over 200 Virgin Megastores worldwide. All told, Branson employed 24,000 employees in 150 companies, with revenues totaling an estimated five billion dollars each year from the entire Virgin Group including the music stores and airline. The Virgin empire was is the largest privately owned business in England (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). Bolman and Deals Four Framework Approach to Richard Branson Leadership models can also help us to understand a leaders organizational influence. Bolman and Deal, in Four Framework Approach, suggest that leaders display behaviors in one of four frameworks: Structural, Human Resource, Political, or Symbolic. Each requires a specific organizational setting to be successful. The Structural Framework From the rational perspective, organizations are instruments designed to achieve specified goals. Organizations are purposeful in the sense that the activities and interactions of participants are centrally coordinated to achieve common objectives; behaviors in organizations are rational in the sense that roles and role relations are prescribed independently of the personal attributes of the individuals in the structure (Richard, 1992). In the rational domain, organizations are driven by strategies, and the role of management is to align strategies and structure with the external environment. Strategy development includes two kinds of approaches mainly. The first one is prescriptive approach which is the firm defined the objective and/or the main elements before brainstorm the strategy; vice versa, another one is have no clear objective and/or elements, all the strategy will be developing during the process, which call emergent approach. Finally, what people and task performed base on above approaches that will generate the strategic change by formal or informal organizational structure from the managers, because of environment, business relationship, technology, people, life cycle, political power, etc (Tichy, 1983). The importance of strategic change is that may occur considerable disruption, but this practice is also useful to analysis the specific causes for planning the best direction on Bransons management change. Bransons Corporate Level Strategy Diversification: The core business of Virgin Group is travel, but since early 1990, it has begun to involve in many other different businesses, such businesses are no directly or substantial relationships between each other. Such businesses include mass media, entertainment, beverage, finance, weight industries and more, all these small business units (SBUs) enriched the Virgins portfolio. Brand Extension: Branson built its red brand to represent value for money, quality, fun, innovation, success and trust. This idea is developed and applied on its whole range of businesses. Joint-Venture: In the flight service, each airline have to get the permission for access paths by during with local governments, this process is very complicated and consume a lot of resources in terms of human, money and time. Joint-venture is the method that can be easy to get this permission, also could be easy to meet the economic of scale to reduce cost, and share or lower the risk. Bransons SBUs Level Strategy Differentiation: Branson provides the offer which other firms no. The very common example is, Virgin Atlantics souvenirs are always different and united. Another one example is Virgin Atlantic keeps its safety record is zero accident, to increase the confidence to its passengers, or customers though its air ticket is expensive then others in generally. The Human Resource Framework Although people are intentionally rational, not all human behavior is the result of rationality. People do not leave their emotions and feelings at home when they come to work in the morning, and noneconomic objectives are pursued alongside economic objectives (Powell, 1999). In the human domain, the central issue is how to integrate human needs with organizational rationality. Virgin Group considers peoples as the important assets, so it pays attention on peoples motivation, culture and even the individual desires to manage and maintain peoples work well and comfortable. Branson also thinks staff first, then customers and shareholders, therefore the chairperson, staff, customers and shareholders could be considered as the key stakeholders. Chairperson Shareholders: Branson is as a leader in Virgin which has used the corporate brand name across its entire product, the whole Virgin Group is influenced by him, and he is the greater single asset in the group (Ensor Drummond, 2001). Meanwhile, Branson is one of the shareholder of Virgin Group companies, so as same as other shareholder, his values will be added into the group and will be implemented in running the business. Bransons values are innocence, innovation, quality, fun and irreverence of authority, all of such values could be found in his choices of new ventures. Investor: The investors mainly focus on the profit and the return of investment (ROI). This issue makes the conflict between investor and customers, because customers want to have better services that will increase the cost and decrease the maximization level of the profit Staff: The skills, knowledge and suggestions of the staff are important to the company, Branson also understand this point so that he wants his best people will stay in his company for venturing (Grant, 2003). Example: Julie Bower, Virgin Atlantic Project Manager, response to source alternative customer relations management (CRM) software, then experienced partially customized system with Virgin Atlantics own data. Finally, Saratoga System has been chosen as the provider of CRM system (Thomson Corporation Company, 2005). This example shows the valuable staff will affect the strategic development. Customers: The best products or services are always seeking by customer, in order words, firms are required to provide best product or service for maintaining current customers and exploring new customers. Companies that survive profitably in a competitive environment must be providing value for money (Johnson et al, 2005). Therefore, customers also influence the strategies of the company. Our first time with Virgin Atlantic, and out last! Chaotic queue at LHR took three hours to reach check in desk. The cabin crews were arrogant and more interested in putting on more make up than serving passengers. Virgin relies on their reputation from the eighties, but they have lost it big time. Want to travel and enjoy the experience avoid Virgin at all costs (Skytrax, 2008). This example not only explains how customers influence the strategy development, also explains to provide the certain products to customer can reduce the probability of finical loss. The Political Framework From the political perspective, organizations are coalitions of diverse individuals and groups with enduring differences in values and preferences. They are governed not by a single center, as is assumed in the rational perspective, but by a dominant coalition of interest groups. As such, organizations often operate with unresolved conflicts in goals (March Shapiro, 1992). From the human domain perspective, malfunctions arise from structural misalignment or from personal deficiency; while from the political perspective, divergent interests and resource scarcity inevitably turn organizations political. Government: The core business of Virgin Group is transport service, and this business is highly regulated by the government. In the result, government policy is very import to the Branson and company as well, like policy on safety, route, franchise etc. These factors are about the change in government or government policy. The airline industry in UK has been privatized already, this action is initiated by UK Government. Branson got the opportunity to run the airline services from this political change to be a franchisee. Branson entered the markets or industries that have large, well established competitors, for instance, David is one of his favorite roles who against Goliaths, it is the example that the corporate against a big business. Now, the airline industry is run by two parts, Virgin Atlantic and British airways, provide flight and airline services respectively. Moreover, British Airways is the main competitor for Virgin Atlantic that leaded Virgin Atlantic always played the underdog role in competing with British Airways. Though Virgin Atlantic and British Airways had been role as underdog and bully respectively, in 1992, Virgin Atlantic had been success to claim one and half million dollars from British Airways (Aker, 2005 Grant, 2003). The Symbolic Framework Symbolism plays a critical role in human experience. In the rational domain, the point of life is choice. However, organizational life is only partly concerned with making decisions (March Shapiro 1992). Decision making is often an arena for symbolic actions. Many events and processes are more important for what is expressed than for what is produced (Bolman Deal, 2008). The leaders use symbols to capture attention; they try to frame experience by providing plausible interpretations of experiences; they discover and communicate a vision. Innovation: Branson understands the new matters could attack the new customers and maintain the current customers, but its competitors also understand this simple theory. Therefore Virgin Atlantic based on the existed offers with new concepts or packages as a new products or services to get the competitive advantage in the industry. These factors are about the application of new inventors or ideas. The technology in air applies to the development of safe airplane, or reliable engine. Virgin Atlantic is the pioneer in this area, Branson introduced the Rolls-Royce Trent 700 engines to power its new Airbus fleet of 10 A330-300s has triggered a big switch from polution to green eco-friendly travel on the route. The Trent 700 is the first engine in the highly successful Trent family. The 72,000lb thrust engine has lower maintenance costs, lower weight and better performance retention. With the lowest lifecycle fuel burn, lowest cumulative emissions and lowest noise levels the Trent 700 has the lowest environmental impact of any engine on the A330 (TravelDailyNews, 2009). Branson reduces the time taken for long distance travel and efficiency in helping to customers. Except the improvement on speed, Branson also increased number of channels for passenger to buy tickets by web and machine. The software was designed to link customer details, flight information and limo service details together and provides Virgin Atlantic staff with accurate information and tools to efficiently and effectively manage the Upper Class Wing operation (Journalism UK, 2008). Virgin Atlantic has got the opportunity to operate the UK and World air service by the government policy. The inflection perhaps people will be willing to expand more on the travelling. The change of working place also affects the demand on all the modes of transport. The new channels have been developed through the web and new machine system. The market still has space to operate obviously, but the most important consideration of a transport services provider is safety. So the most strength of Branson and Virgin Atlantic has been improving its reputation especially in safety and on-time to get confidence of passengers. Comparison of Richard Bransons corporate strategy decision In the stage of setting up the strategies, Branson definitely understand the strategies of which are the ways in which strategy develops in organization. Bransons Virgin Atlantic Airline Strategic Development Command View and Culture View are highlighted by Virgin Atlantic The culture view is that it occurs as the outcome of the taken-for-granted assumptions and behaviors in organizations. (Johnson et al, 2005) Branson founded Virgin Atlantic in 1984; in fact, Virgin Atlantics success highly depends on the founders principles to provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travelers. This principle created and established the culture of Virgin Atlantic, because all Virgin companies also maintain an entrepreneurial culture based on Bransons principle. There are four strategic developments have been found out and will be further described in following: Strategy One: Differentiation Branson also has another philosophy in his principle which is to be a pioneer rather then a follower of the leader. In order to reach this point, Virgin Atlantic must offer highest quality innovative service for its air travelers. Its innovative actions include: 1986, the 1st airline provided sleeper seats in upper class 1990, the 1st airline brought in the automatic defibrillators, trained the staff to help in-flight cardiac arrest victims The 1st airline installed individual TVs to all classes of passenger on the wide-bodied aircraft 2005, won the RFID Breakthrough Integration Award since it is as a leader in RFID 2005 Virgin Atlantic applied RFID tag on the important parts that used in aircraft maintenance and repairs at Heathrow Airport warehouse, UK. The technological advancement is always the advantage taking for Virgin and the customers, said by Mark Butler, System Implementation Manager, Engineering Department, Virgin Atlantic (Tata Consultancy Services Limited, 2007). Strategy Two: Jointing Alliance Virgin Atlantic has jointed an alliance with many airlines until 2006 that providing better choice on where and when for its customers flights, the member of that alliance includes Singapore Airline, Bmi British Midland, Continental Airline, South African Airways, US Airways, Virgin Blue and Air China. All above airlines also signed Codeshare Agreement, so the connections between partners services become closer, customers could enjoy better service and value, such as checking customers and their luggage over to their final destination and synchronizing their schedules with Virgin Atlantics partners. Turn out the customers of Virgin Atlantic could enjoy the shortest possible connections between their services (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). The crises of 11th September, 2001 that affected the worldwide economy, Virgin Atlantic also got heavy losses in financial aspect. The alliance strategy was significantly assisted the recovery, because it reduced the investment and the accompanying inflexibility and risk during the uncertainties of operating in other countries (Aaker, 2005). Strategy Three: Partnership In 1999, Singapore Airline acquired 49% Virgin Atlantic stake that can reinforce to provide the highest quality innovative service at excellent value for money for all classes of air travellers. Singapore Airline is a unique global partner, this is a perfect collaboration since both two airlines have an incomparable reputation for quality and innovation, and have own numerous awards from the travel industry. According to the terms of the dealing, both two airlines routes will not overlap each other and are uniquely complementary, also they keep independent managements, and the rights to develop their own products. This partnership action generated greater benefits to both companies passengers, such as fare, access to lounges world-wide and an increasingly seamless travel experience across their airlines network (Virgin Atlantic Airways, 2010). Japan Airline Strategic Development In terms of strategic management, the major contrast between Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline is, Japan Airline is the one managed by traditional state-run or government hierarchy, so its companies strategy was established by country leader and the board, as same as or followed by the strategy of government, often the goal or the result is extremely unrealistic to the commercial. The gap occurs in between the top management board and the tactical managers which more strengthen the difficulties in implementation and lessen the competitiveness in international airline market. Moreover, Virgin Atlantic emphasizes on command view and culture view; in this session, Japan Airline emphasizes on planning view to develop its strategies. In the planning view, strategic planning is to use a formal planning system for the development and implementation of the strategies related to mission and objectives of the organization. (Lynch, 2000) Japan Airlines Background Japan Airline is a joint-venture company which was founded by one governmental company and two private companies, Japan Airline Company, Philippine Airlines and Northwest Airlines in 1951. Japanese Government bought the share from Northwest Airlines that leaded to Japan Airline totally transfer to Japanese Government. Nowadays, all decisions are made by the Board of Directors and their strategic development is mainly focused on strategic planning (Fundinguniverse, 2010). Japan Airlines Planning Procedure One of the Japan Airlines department, Corporate Planning Information Technology Services is established in Japan Airline for responsible to suggest strategies for Japan Airline. After the seminar in 1987, this department suggested five corporate strategies for planning strategies and implementation, one of the strategies is about operational. The Board of Directors and the management group suggest that it (the operational strategy) is now a matter of urgency that Japan Airline must speed up the development of the airlines state enterprise plan in compliance with the policy and guidelines., Minister Shintaro Ishihara, Tokyo Conference, Nov 6, 1987. Then, Minister Ishihara grouped Japan Airlines problems for Japan Airlines management group to take actions (Sanchanta Takahashi,2010). Although this company is now privatized, but used to be country-owned and running by Government long time, the country leaders provide comments and policies on commercial-based company. This manner had been intervened the flexibility of Japan Airline. In 2006, Japan Airlines Chairperson, Haruka Nishimatsu established three committees, Strategic Steering Committee, Project Management Committee and Task Force Committee to increase competitiveness and the value of shareholder (Sanchanta Takahashi,2010). Today, Japan Airline failed to be effectively competing with other airlines because of such time-consuming and not really flexible to implement in Japan Airlines planning. Conclusion Leaders establish goals, assumptions, policies, strategies, and accepted norms of behavior. They usually recruit and promote managers who conform to their own values and expectations. While a leaders influence is evident in all organizations, it will apply more to small, highly centralized firms, or young, owner run businesses, and can increase with tenure. In the addition, the most relevant contrasts between Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline are: Virgin Atlantic emphasizes on culture and command view because of following the principle that provided by Branson that it is controlled by the company. Japan Airline emphasizes on planning view which is controlled by Government so almost every strategies development is produced follow the planning procedure to lead the company more systematic. In theory it should not only focus on single view, but these two companies are only focused one or two views, that led some limitations in Virgin Atlantic and Japan Airline. For Virgin Atlantic, it is highly depends on the principles of Branson, he almost becomes the only one and unique person that can decide the future of Virgin Atlantic, includes stay in the market or shut down the business. Another side, for Japan Airline, it involves more procedures for making decision that could be enhances and smoothen the running for a company. As mentioned, there is only Branson is the key person for Virgin Atlantic or the whole Virgin Group, for the future, Virgin Group is suggested to established a number of rules or methods to maintain and investigate the current saturation of its businesses or the new ventures. After that, Branson is the most key person that affects all the things in Virgin Group, then is the staff, last is the customers. Last but not least, whether success to run a business depends on the policy, economy, society and technology in the place where located or plan to locate the business. In the result, the leader should aware all Structural, Human Resource, Political, and Symbolic framework in mind for coping the political, social, economic and technology factors positively. So, the finial suggestion is Richard Branson have to establish a committee to share and continue his great work.

Religion in the Old Testament :: essays research papers

The Exodus of the Israelites is the equivalent to our present day Fourth of July or Bastille Day to the French. Israelite writers discuss the Exodus the most out of any other event in history. The story of the Exodus is one of the most famous stories of the Old Testament. Three of the most significant aspects of the story of Exodus are the call of Moses, the use of plagues as miracles, and the Passover. Moses was a Hebrew who was raised with Egyptian upbringing and education. As he grew he either knew that he was an Israelite or simply sympathized with Israelites in bondage. We know this by the action he took when he saw an Egyptian guard beating on a Hebrew slave. Moses interfered, killed the guard, and buried him. So Moses fled Egypt to Mount Sinai out of fear. This is the location in which God revealed his personal name to Moses and called upon him to lead his people out of the land of Egypt. Miracles are fore-facts of the future done on a small scale. There had been no appearance of God to anyone for more than four hundred years, so people probably thought the age of miracles was long gone. The people would not have accepted Moses as God’s spokesperson without some kind of proof. The miracle-plagues were just that. They are significant because of the number of them that were brought forth. There were ten. The number ten is significant to completeness. God said that he would execute judgment against all of the false gods of Egypt, and each plague was said to be directed toward a particular heavenly deity. So the ten plagues reveal the full wrath of God’s judgment on Egypt. The first nine Plagues were just God proving that he was more powerful than the Egyptian gods. They were simply tricks in comparison to the final one. The tenth plague, the death of the firstborn, was the most powerful of all. This final plague brought death to all Egyptian homes, even the home of the beloved pharaoh, and ensured Israel’s release from slavery. After this calamity, pharaoh had no choice but grant Israel their demands and he even pleaded for blessings from them. This plague destroyed idolatry and showed that life and death are in the hands of God. The first Passover was a night to remember. In preparation for the tenth and final plague, Moses instructed the people to observe the first Passover.

Respond to a Letter of Complaint

To: [email  protected] co. uk From: [email  protected] dk Subject: I feel sorry to hear that your family trip to Tivoli turned out to be a disappointing one. It is true that only 11 of the 24 various entertainment rides were running on that day unfortunately due to the technical failures of the machines. By further checking the entertainment rides we found that we could not risk using the machine that day and had to change some parts for the machine to run again.We couldnot inform at the entrance as the technicians were still working on the machines(you may probably have noticed people working to fix the machines) and there was a hope that we could run the machine that day. But on late afternoon, we found out that the machine could not be repaired that day so we informed at the gate. we are hearing a little bit of problems at some of the food outlets. And we came to know about your story from one of the co-worker of that outlet. I again apologise for the inconvenience that you ha d to suffer due to some technical problems and the bad customer service.After reading through your letter and knowing the circumstances I had conversation with managers of Tivoli and we decided to give your family free tickets to enter and play all the entertainment games with a free dinner in any of the restaurants for your family when Tivoli opens again next summer. I have enclosed the free passes to enter and play the entertainment ride along with the FREE DINNER FOR YOUR FAMILY IN ANY OF THE OUTLETS. We aim to satisfy our customers with quality in entertainment, food and service. I am looking forward seeing you again next summer in Tivoli and enjoying with your family.

The Stone Angel; Comparison essays

The Stone Angel; Comparison essays The film A Beautiful Mind and the novel The Stone Angel both have a very important and interesting theme: when life throws you a curveball, love will always be there. A Beautiful Mind is a film about the life of John Forbes Nash, a Nobel Prize winner who struggled through most of his adult life with schizophrenia. It is a true story, not only of one man's fight to overcome his own disability, but of the overreaching power of love - a theme that has also been embraced by the book The Stone Angel. This novel deals with the life of Hagar Currie Shipley, a 91-year-old woman who is on a tumultuous journey to accept her own life, and prepare for death. Yet even though she attempts to wrestle against the inevitable, there is always a constant reminder: love is always the key to happiness. Thus, the film and the novel explore the true importance of love and its role our lives. Both characters experience different stages of denial, anger, bargaining, depression and finally acceptance in their quest to define their lives and learn the fact that love is the most important thing. At one time, every individual is faced with death, horrific to the young, or inviting to the sick and the old. Death is interpreted as the end of existence, but to those who believe in the afterlife, as a whole new chapter of the unknown. When Hagar Shipley realizes the proximity of death, she is in denial. She comes to live in a world of memories in the past. All her life, she was hard, never showing emotion, even through the passing of her husband. However, near the end she comes to a new understanding, although she would not admit it: what is the purpose of living life, happily or unhappily, if there is a lack of love and trust? Likewise, John Nash is faced with his own death when he finally realizes that he is a schizophrenic, has taken many chances with his life already, and may die a lonely man if he does not come to accept his situation and use the remainder of h...

buy custom Margaret Sanger essay

buy custom Margaret Sanger essay She was born Margaret Higgins in 1876, in Corning New York and went on to become a nurse, sex educator and birth control activist. She was the 6th born in a family of eleven children. Her mother was a staunch Irish catholic and had about 18 pregnancies by age 45. Her father, Michael Hennessey Higgins, was an atheist and a womens right activist. In her early years, she spent most of her time doing domestic chores.She also took care of her younger siblings. After a while, her older sibling paid tuition for her to attend Claverack College for two years. However, her dads decisions made her abandon school, and take care of her ailing mother, who later died of pneumonia and cervical cancer. Later on, her mothers friend enrolled her for a nursing program at a hospital in White Plains, in New York. She then met and married an Architect known as William Sanger in 1902, and they moved from New York to start their own family. She bore three children and, for the next years, she devoted herself to taking care and raising her children. In 1912, their house was destroyed by a fire, and they moved back to New York. It was then that she started working as a nurse in the Lower East Manhattan slums. They discovered the bohemian culture at the Greenwich Village where they interacted with many intellectuals, activists and radicals including Emma Goldman. She developed an interest in reproductive health while working in the poverty stricken slums in Manhattan. Her experience of seeing the women sick and traumatized by recurring pregnancies, and the high number of children in those low income households made her decide to do something about that situation. She decided that dealing with the root problem of lack of birth control measures could improve the conditions of these women. Birth control could enable women to space the children and decide how many children they wanted. She knew that contraception and sex education was the best solution; however, Comstock Laws prohibited distribution of contraceptive. Sanger gave an example of a Russian woman who gotseriously ill after a self induced abortion, and when she asked the doctor how she could prevent an unwanted pregnancy from happening again, the doctor told her to abstain. Months later, Sanger went to that apartment and found that woman dead in her apartment after a botched self induced abortion. She felt that this situation could be avoided by women taking charge of their sexuality and determining when they were ready to have other children. She gave up nursing and engaged in the distribution of birth control information and wrote The New York Call socialist paper with articles titled What every girl should Know in 1916 and What Every Woman Should Know. She was later arrested for distribution of contracep tion and information and fled to Europe. Birth control movement started with her return from Europe where she learnt about diaphragms, which were better than the suppositories and douches the women had been using. However, he diaphragms were not available in the United States, and she had to import them against the law. In 1916, she opened the sheer first Birth control clinic in New York (Selected papers, p.199). The first few weeks after the clinic opened, 464 women lined up to receive contraceptives and sex education. She was arrested later that year for breaking the law that prohibited distribution of contraceptives and was convicted. She had worn her appeal when the judge ruled in her favor and allowed doctors to prescribe contraceptives. Her arrest, conviction and ruling, fueled the activism and the birth control movement. The first visit to Japan in 1922 was the first of many Asian visits and by 1930s there were fifty five clinics across the United States of America. In 1927, she spoke before the first world population conference in Geneva and her world wide fame began. She got a lot of following as she and her followers continued to lobby for better federal and state laws in the country. After her release, she travelled the world learning and teaching about contraception, and it resulted in the establishment of American Birth Control League, which later became Planned Parenthood Federation of America in 1942. Her beliefs also provoked the wrath of pro life advocates, as she believed in infanticide as a way of birth control, eugenics and racial idealism. In Eugenics, she believed that it sought to assist the human race to eliminate the unfit (Engleman, p.132). She was an advocate of this thought that social intervention could improve hereditary traits and that the feeble minded should not be allowed to procreate. She also advocated for sterilization and compulsory segregation of the retarded people in society (Sanger, p.181). Sanger also proposed that government should be more careful in the issues of immigration to ensure that those with conditions detrimental to the race should not be allowed to immigrate to the United States of America. Her racial stand brought more controversy in her birth control movement than anything else she had been fighting to achieve. She believed that light skinned people were a superior race, even though she worked closely with the African American community in her clinics, in New York. Her family planning policy and advocacy always focused on contraception rather than abortion, and it was after her death that the movement started to focus on abortion as well as contraception (Sanger, p.12). In all the years of her activism, she viewed birth control as a freedom of speech issue, as it was banned to speak or distribute contraception by Comstock laws. In 1929, she tried advocating for the overturning of legislation on contraceptive to allow her import diaphragms, but she did not succeed in that. However, she saw this as an opportunity to take the matter to be determined by the courts. This led to the 1936 court decision allowing doctors and other medical practitioners to obtain and issue contraceptives. The American Medical Association adopted contraception as a normal medical service and part of the medical schools curriculum. She died of congeenital heart failure in 1966 at the age of 86 having lived and significantly influenced the reproductive health movement in America. Even after her death, she is still considered as a leading figure in Americas womens rights. Margaret is regarded as an icon of the American Reproductive Rights movement because, through her efforts, she gave women the tools and choices they needed to determine the spacing of their children and how many children they want. Her impact is felt through breakthrough in issues of pregnancy, obstetrics and prenatal care. In 1916, when she opened the first birth control clinic in New York she paved the way for the possibilities of women accessing sex education and contraception. This was the first step towards women being in charge of planned parenting and birth control. American Birth Control League (ABCL) formation in 1921 provided a platform to train social and health workers on birth control issues and availing information to the population. In 1936, the federal courts reinterpreted the Comstocks laws to allow doctors to prescribe contraceptives and the nurses lost the power they had in administering to the poor. Through her activism and the birth control movement, she convince s a rich heiress to finance research on the oral contraceptive in 1950. This brought about asuitable birth control method for ladies, as it was not as cumbersome as the other physical methods used to birth control. In 1960, the Food and Drug Administration approved the birth control pill ands it is now the most commonly used form of contraceptive with a 99% rate of success against conception. Five years later, the Supreme Courts decision in the Griswold vs. Connecticut made the pill a constitutional right for married women and later for unmarried women. Even after her death in 1966, her legacy of the birth control movement continued, with the federal government allocating funds for family planning services in 1970. The following year saw the repeal of Comstock Laws and in 1973, in the Roe vs. Wade, made abortion legal. Her story has been a base of many biographies, and her writings are curetted by New York Universitys History department and Smiths College. She has been honored and received awards from all over the world. She was named Humanist of the year in 1957 by the American Humanist Association, and the Planned Parenthood issues a Margaret Sangers award annually to individuals with distinction and contribution to reproductive health and right. The government has dedicated some land marks to her memory, and they include; a residential building in Stony Brook University campus, Margaret Sanger Square in Greenwich Village and a room in Wellesley Colleges library. All those honors and landmarks in New York serve as a reminder of the iconic figure that fought for the reproductive rights of women and helped shape policies appertaining to birth control (a word that she coined) and sex education. She always believed that women should control their sexuality to know that they are free indeed. Buy custom Margaret Sanger essay

Two Music Reviews of Sorry For Party Rocking by LMFAO Essay

Two Music Reviews of Sorry For Party Rocking by LMFAO - Essay Example This small assessment essay describes the critical comparison of two music reviews, that were written by two popular music review sites, www.allmusic.com and www.rollingstone.com on the album ‘Sorry For Party Rocking‘ by LMFAO. When you critically evaluate or compare both the reviews on the same album, you can easily come out with a conclusion each reviewer took different kinds of aesthetics to judge the album. The review written by John Bush on www.allmusic.com considers the amount of humor and energy that keep listeners stick to the album. This is what we call Aesthetic Contemplation. Listeners don’t need to understand the track to enjoy the song. This is the reason why John Bush rated the album as Good. The review written by Caryn Ganz on www.rollingstone.com looks into rhythms, synths and beats. Caryn just focused on trying to understand the meaning of the song by analyzing the rhythms, beats and synths. This is what theoretical contemplation is. The researcher then compares two reviews and concluds that both the reviews are assessed by using Seel’s three dimensional aesthetic experience of popular music. As per aesthetic contemplation, you immerse yourself into the music by forgetting everything for a short while. Aesthetic Correspondence lets you to shape our surroundings and Aesthetic Imagination helps you stimulate the imagination to get into the emotional characterization and we can easily come to a conclusion John Bush focused more on aesthetic criteria and Caryn reviewed based on rhythms and beats.

Carbon Emissions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Carbon Emissions - Essay Example It has plans of using the latest science to be able to reduce the percentages of the gas that is daily being emitted. By the year 2030, it hopes that it would have been able to reduce the percentage by 60%. (Grubb, 1989) However, the consumers' lifestyle in the U.K. has also contributed to the increase of carbon emissions. Being the director of communications for carbon trust, I would want to see that these levels go down and that the problems caused by carbon emissions are managed. The problems associated with carbon emissions are many. This is why I want to look for a Public Relations consultancy firm that will be able to educate U.K. citizens about the dangers of emitting a lot of carbon in the atmosphere. Carbon emission is the major cause of global warming. This results due to greenhouse effect and it is a detrimental and the worst thing that can ever occur. The accumulation of carbon in the atmosphere causes temperatures to rise by approximately 3.6 F. Consumers' lifestyles in the U.K. have really played a major role in the increase of carbon that is emitted daily to the atmosphere. There are some things that they need to be warned about if the level is to go down. 40% of the carbon is produced by vehicles. The citizens have not been using environment friendly forms of transport. To start with, vehicles are owned by almost everybody. Journeys by public vehicles would reduce 90% of the emissions that is caused when everyone uses their personal vehicles. (Fraser, 1994). Then, the exhaust emissions of the vehicles are not made in such a way that it can limit the amount of exhaust fumes released. The more the exhaust fumes being released, the more the level of the emission of carbon dioxide to the air. The fuels they use produce a lot of carbon. It has been noted that the use of petrol as fuel contributes to large amounts of carbon emission. If alternative fuels are sought and the citizens encouraged using these, then there would be u p to 75% reduction in the amount of carbon that would be emitted to the atmosphere. Fuels such as ethanol have been proven to produce low levels of emissions. Therefore, it would be prudent enough for the citizens to adopt this type of fuel. The government wants to come up with a program that will enable filling stations to be able to lease out electric car batteries to car owners. Citizens of the U.K also use the heating system, which has been known to emit some levels of carbon. (Rose, A. et al, 1998). This fact has been discussed in meetings organised by the government. It was decided that the heating system was mainly used because of the poor standards of the houses that the people lived in. Therefore, the government set up a policy that required all landlords to build houses up to standards that do not require any heating system. This was in the faith that it will help towards reducing the levels of carbon emission. The use of garden floodlights and incandescent light bulbs have been on the increase in the U.K. These are also responsible for the carbon emission. These causes of carbon emission are not known by most of the people in the U.K. A lot of people contribute to the levels of carbon emission without knowing. Therefore, this calls for an introduction of some channels through which the relevant information can reach them. This is why I thought of consulting a Public Relations