Financial Report Analysis - 2883 Words

Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 1. Summary of IPL’s activities and strategies 3 2. Key accounting policies and Accounting Standards 3 2.1 Revenue Recognition – AASB 118 3 2.2 Foreign Currency Translation – AASB 121 3 2.3 Income Taxes – AASB 112 4 2.4 Consolidation – AASB 127 4 2.5 Impairment of Assets – AASB 136 4 3. Management’s flexibility in selecting key accounting policies 4 3.1 Interest Bearing Liabilities 4 3.2 Derivative Financial instruments 5 3.3 Interest Bearing Liabilities 5 3.4 Intangible Assets - Goodwill 5 4. Accounting strategy employed by management and incentivesl 5 4.1Evaluation of accounting strategy employed by management 5 4.2Evaluation of incentives strategy employed by†¦show more content†¦Trade allowances, amounts collected on behalf of third parties and net of returns comprise the revenue. Revenue is recognised as sales revenue, interest income and dividend receivable. Sales revenue is recognised when the consi derable risks and rewards of the ownership have been transferred to the buyer. Interest income is recognised on an accrual basis, while dividend receivable recognition occurs when it is declared or received. 2.2 Foreign Currency Translation – AASB 121 Items presented in the financial statements of each of the Group`s entities are measured using the functional currency. IPL’s presentation currency is the Australian dollar, the currency used to present its consolidated financial statements. Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate on the day the transaction occurs. Foreign exchange gains and losses are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income, except when they are `deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges`. These have been calculated following the AASB 121 `The effects of changes in Foreign exchange rates` and AASB 139 `Financial instruments – recognition and measurement`. 2.3 Income Taxes – AASB 112 The current and deferred tax constitutes the income tax expense which is shown in the statement of comprehensive income. The current tax comprises tax that has to be paid on the taxable income for that period at tax rates as of the reporting date. ItShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Comprehensive Annual Financial Report2237 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Comprehensive Annual Financial Report Table of Content I. Abstract II. Introduction III. Introductory analysis amp; GFOA Award IV. Financial Analysis V. Financial standing VI. Conclusion VII. References Abstract Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) is a report used by cities, and local governments to provide the public with their financial records each year, while adhering to government accounting standards board (GASB) guidelines. 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The Hero And The Crown Part One Chapter 7 Free Essays

string(95) " looked at her face and then at Tor’s, and then back at Aerin’s, and said nothing\." ON HER EIGHTEENTH BIRTHDAY there was a banquet for the first sol, despite all she could do to prevent it. Galanna shot her glances like poisoned arrows and clung curiously near Tor’s side for someone else’s wife of so few seasons. Perlith made witty remarks at Aerin’s expense in his soft light tenor that always sounded kind, whatever he might be saying. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hero And The Crown Part One Chapter 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The king her father toasted her, and the faces around the tables in the great hall glittered with smiles; but Aerin looked at them sadly and saw only the baring of teeth. Tor watched her: she was wearing a golden tunic over a long red skirt; the tunic had embroidered flowers wound round its hem, and petals of many colors stitched drifting down the full sleeves; she wore the same two rings she had at Galanna’s wedding. Her flame-colored hair was twisted around her head, and a golden circlet was set upon it, and over her forehead three golden birds held green stones in their beaks. He saw her wince away from the courtiers’ smiles, and he shook Galanna’s hand from his arm impatiently, and then Galanna no longer even pretended to smile. Aerin did not notice this, for she never looked at Galanna if she could help it, and if Galanna were near Tor she didn’t look at Tor either. But Arlbeth noticed. He knew what it was that he saw, for better or for worse, and it was not often that he did not know what was best done about the things he saw; but in this case he did not know. What he read in Tor’s face tore at his heart, for it would be his heart’s fondest wish that these two might wed, and yet he knew his people had never loved the daughter of his second wife, and he feared their mistrust, and he had reason to fear it. Aerin felt her father’s arm around her shoulders, and turned to smile up at him. After the banquet she went to sit in her window seat, staring into the dark courtyard; the torches around its perimeter left great pools of shadow near the castle walls. Her bedroom was dark as well, and Teka had not yet come to be sure she had hung her good clothes up as she should instead of leaving them on the floor where she would step on them. There was a light knock on the door. She turned and said, â€Å"Come in,† with surprise; if she had thought about it, she would have been silent and let the visitor leave without finding her. She wished to be alone after the hall full of food and talk and bright smiles. It was Tor. She could see him outlined in the light from the hall, and she had been sitting in the dark long enough to see clearly. But he blinked and looked around, for her figure was only a part of the heavy curtains that hung around the deep window alcove. She stirred, and he saw the flicker of her red skirt. â€Å"Why do you sit in the dark?† â€Å"There was too much light in the hall tonight.† Tor was silent. After a moment she sighed, and reached for a candle and flint. It seemed to Tor that the shadows it cast upon her face made her briefly old: a woman with grandchildren, for all her brilliant hair. Then she set the candle on a small table and smiled at him, and she was eighteen again. She saw that he carried something in his arms: a long narrow something, wrapped in dark cloth. â€Å"I have brought you your birthday present – privately, as I thought you might prefer.† And so that I need not do any explaining, he thought. She knew at once what it was: a sword. She watched with rising excitement as he unrolled the wrappings, and from them, gleaming, came her sword, her very own sword. She reached for it eagerly, and slid it out of its scabbard. It was plain but for some work on the hilt to make the grip sure; but she felt it light and true and perfect in her hand, and her hand trembled with the pride of it. â€Å"Thank you,† she said, her eyes still fixed on the sword, so she did not see the look of hope and pity on Tor’s face as he watched her. â€Å"At dawn you shall try it out,† said Tor, and the tone of his voice shook her out of her reverie, and she raised her eyes to his. â€Å"I will meet you at our usual place,† he said, and tried to speak as if this were a lesson like any other lesson; and if he failed, Aerin still did not guess why he failed. â€Å"This is ever so much better than another dressing gown,† she said lightly, and was pleased to see him smile. â€Å"It was a very beautiful dressing gown.† â€Å"If it had been less beautiful, I would not have disliked it so much. You were as bad as Teka, trying to keep me in bed, or trailing about my rooms in a dressing gown forever.† â€Å"And a lot of good it did us, despite the fact that you could not stand on your feet without either fainting or falling over.† â€Å"It was concentrating on my lessons with you that finally sweated the last of the surka out of me,† Aerin said, waving her birthday present gently under his nose. â€Å"I almost believe you,† he replied sadly. So they were standing, looking at each other, with the naked blade upheld between them, when Teka come through the open door behind them. â€Å"Gholotat protect us,† said Teka, and closed the door behind her. â€Å"Is my birthday present not beautiful?† said Aerin, and turned the blade back and forth quickly so that it winked at her old nurse as she stood by the door. Teka looked at her face and then at Tor’s, and then back at Aerin’s, and said nothing. You read "The Hero And The Crown Part One Chapter 7" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"I will bid you good night,† said Tor, and because Teka was there he dared reach out his hands to Aerin, and put them on her shoulders, as she slid her sword into its scabbard, and kiss Her cheek as a cousin might; which he would not have dared had they been alone. He bowed to Teka, and left them. Perhaps it was having a real sword of one’s own. Perhaps it was being eighteen – or that eighteen years’ practice of being stubborn was finally paying off. If she still stumbled over the corners of rugs or bumped into doorways while she was thinking about other things, she no longer bothered looking around anxiously to find out if anyone had seen her: either they had or they hadn’t, and she had other things on her mind; she reveled in those other things. They meant that she did not blush automatically when she caught sight of Perlith, knowing that he would have thought of something to say to her since the last time she had failed to avoid him, and that his little half smile beneath half-lidded eyes would make whatever he said worse. She walked through the halls of the castle and the streets of the City the most direct way instead of the way she would meet the fewest people; and she avoided the surka in the royal garden, but only that it might not make her sick again. She did not cringe from the thought of its presence, or from the shame that she had to avoid it in the first place; nor did she any longer feel that breathing the garden air was synonymous with breathing Galanna’s malice. She had discovered how to make the dragonfire ointment. It was, she knew, sheer obstinacy that had kept her at it-over two years of making fractional changes in her mixtures, learning how to find and prepare all the ingredients for the mixtures, for she could not continue raiding Hornmar’s and Teka’s supplies; finding small apothecary shops in the City that might sell the odder ones, and riding out on the reluctant Kisha for the herbs that grew nearby. At first she had wondered if anyone would try to stop her, and her first visits to shopkeepers, and beyond the City gates, gave her stomachaches of dread. But the shopkeepers attended her respectfully and even helpfully, and slowly the visits stopped seeming so awful. There was no sense in trying to disguise herself; she was the only person in the City with orange hair, and any Damarian who had never in fact seen her would know instantly who she was. She had tried the effect of a scarf over the give-away hair, but as soon as she looked in a mirror she realized this wouldn’t work: the scarf was obviously there to hide her hair, and she still had orange eyebrows. There was stuff Galanna used to blacken her brown lashes, but Aerin had no idea how to get hold of it, and thought that while Teka seemed willing to let her and her peculiar errands alone at present, she would probably throw a fit and spoil everything if she caught her royal charge creeping around with her hair hidden a nd her brows blackened. And as she wasn’t stopped, her confidence grew, and she swept into the shops she frequented with her head high as a first sol should, and made her purchases, and swept out again. She felt tremendously grand, but the shopmen and women found her charmingly unpretentious, being accustomed to the Perliths and Galannas who never looked anyone in the eye and were never satisfied (it was widely held that the woman who supplied Galanna with her brow-darkener more than earned the fancy price she charged), and who always had lackeys to handle the money and the purchases themselves while they fingered their jewels and looked into the distance. Arlbeth would have been pleased to hear the small new thread of gossip that began to circulate in the City about the witchwoman’s daughter, and how the daughter (like the mother, a few folk now recalled) had a smile for everyone; and this view of the king’s daughter almost eased the fear of her that had begun with the rumor that she was enspelling the first sola. A few of her new supporters decided that Tor, as first sola and king to be, understandably wanted a quiet family life; and the king’s daughter, of all those court ladies, looked the likeliest to give it to him. There were even those, especially among the older folk, who shook their heads and said that they shouldn’t keep the young first sol mewed up in that castle the way they did; it’d be better if she were let out to mingle with her people. If Aerin could have heard, she would have laughed. And the things she bought were such harmless things, even if some of them were odd, and even though, as the months passed, she did buy quite a quantity of them. Nothing there that could cause any †¦ mischief. Hornmar had mentioned, very quietly, to one or two of his particular friends the first sol’s miraculous cure of old Talat; and somehow that tale got around too, and as the witchwoman’s easy smile was remembered, so did some folk also begin to remember her way with animals. It was a few months before her nineteenth birthday that she put a bit of yellowish grease on a fresh bit of dry wood, held it with iron pincers, and thrust it into the small candle flame at the corner of her work table – and nothing happened. She had been performing this particular set of motions – measuring, noting down, mixing, applying and watching the wood burn- – for so long that her movements were deft and exact with long practice even while her brain tended to go off on its own and contemplate her next meeting of swords with Tor, or the nagging Teka was sure to begin within the next day or two for her to darn her stockings since they all had holes in them and lately she had perforce always to wear boots when she attended the court in the great hall so that the holes wouldn’t show. She was thinking that the green stockings probably had the smallest and most mendable holes, and she had to have dinner in the hall tonight. Since she’d turned eigh teen she’d been expected to take part in the dancing occasionally, and there was sure to be dancing tonight since the dinner was in honor of Thorped and his son, who were here from the south; one of Thorped’s daughters was one of Galanna’s ladies. It was difficult dancing in boots and she needed all the help she could get. At this point she realized that her arm was getting tired – and that the bit of yellow-slick wood was peacefully ignoring the fire that burned around it, and that the iron tongs were getting hot in her hand. She jumped, and knocked over the candlestick and dropped the hot tongs, and the greasy bit of wood skittered over the dusty, woodchip-littered floor, picking up shreds and shavings till it looked like a new sort of pomander. She had set up shop in a deserted stone shed near Talat’s pasture that had once held kindling and things like old axe handles and sticks of wood that might make new axe handles, and she had never gotten around to sweeping the floor. Her hands were shaking so badly that she dropped the candle again when she tried to pick it up, and missed when she went to stamp out the thread of smoke that rose from the floor where the candle had fallen. She sat down on a pile of axe handles and took a few deep breaths, and thought fixedly about green stockings. Then she stood up, lit the candle again, and set it quietly back in its holder. She’d learned in the long months past not to waste her time and the apothecaries’ wares by making more than a tiny trial bit of each mixture, and the marble bowl where the final mashing and mixing went on before the experiment with the candle flame was no bigger than an eggcup. There was just enough in the bottom of the cup now to grease one fingertip. She chose the left index finger, which had been the one to get burnt with the result of her very first fire-ointment attempt, what seemed centuries ago. She held the fingertip steadily in the flame, and watched it; the pointed blue-and-yellow oval of the fire parted smoothly around her finger and rejoined above it to prick the shadows of the stone ceiling. She felt nothing. She withdrew the finger and stared at it with awe – tou ched it with another finger. Skin-heat, no more; and while it had remained stickily apparent on the surface of the wood, the ointment was not greasy on her finger. Kenet. It existed. She checked her notes to be sure she could read what she had written about the proportions of this particular attempt; then blew out the candle and went off in a daze to darn stockings. Teka asked her twice, sharply, what was the matter with her, as she tried to help her dress for the court dinner. Aerin’s darns were worse than usual – which was saying a good deal, and Teka had said even more when she saw them, but as much out of worry for her sol’s extraordinary vagueness as from straightforward exasperation at yet another simply homely task done ill. Usually, big court dinners made Aerin clumsy and rather desperately here-and-now. Teka finally tied ribbons around both of Aerin’s ankles to hide the miserable lumps of mending and was even more appalled when Aerin did not object. Ankle ribbons were all the fashion among the higher-born young ladies this year; when this first became apparent Teka had had a difficult time convincing Aerin not to lengthen all her skirts eight inches, that they might drag on the floor and render all questions of ankle adornment academic; and Teka was fairly sure the only reason she’d won the argument wa s that Aerin couldn’t face the thought of all the sewing such a project would entail. Teka hung a tassel at the front of one ankle, to fall gracefully over the high arch of Aerin’s long foot (not that it would stay there; Galanna and the others had developed a coy little hitch and skip to their walk, to make their tassels fall forward as they should), and pinned a small silver brooch bearing the royal crest on the other, and Aerin didn’t even fidget. She was dreamily staring into space; she was even wearing a slight smile. Could she have fallen in love? Teka wondered. Who? Thorped’s son – what was his name? Surely not. He was half a head shorter than she and wispy. Teka sighed and stood up. â€Å"Aerin – are you sure you’re not ill?† she said. Aerin came back to herself with a visible jerk and said, â€Å"Dear Teka, I’m fine. Truly I am.† Then she looked down with a scowl and wiggled her ankles. â€Å"Ugh,† â€Å"They hide your – dare I call them – darns,† Teka said severely. â€Å"There’s that,† said Aerin, and smiled again, and Teka thought, What ails the girl? I will look for Tor tonight; his face will tell me something. How to cite The Hero And The Crown Part One Chapter 7, Essay examples

Strategic Managment Assignment Essay Example

Strategic Managment Assignment Essay IS AN INCENTIVE PROGRAM APPROPRIATE? EXPLAIN YOUR POSITION? Answer: looking at the current scenario, incentive program is very appropriate. This is because, it help the employer to identify the various factors like motivation, skills, recognition, etc. for an employee. Incentive program can also be used to counter failure in the organizations i. e. failure in meeting targets, poor behavior, or performance 2) IF SO, SHOULD THERE BE ONE, TWO OR SEVERAL PLANS? Answer: There should be several incentives programs like point program, employee incentives (which can be used to increase employee moral), sales incentives (which can be used to drive sales and reduce costs and increase profits). The other kinds of incentives can be group incentives. This is because here, they have to work in groups. 3) WHO SHOULD BE INCLUDED? Answer: For the incentive program, all the groups and individuals (employees, line managers and low line workers) should be included. 4) WHAT SHOULD BE THE BASIS FOR INCENTIVE PAYMENT? Answer:   performance  appraisal, managers judgment, etc. ) WHAT KIND OF INCENTIVES SHOULD BE INCLUDED? Answer: The various incentives that should be included here are gain sharing and profit sharing incentives. The other incentives can be like cash rewards, percentage increase in base pay, and other non-cash prizes. EXERCISE 11. 1 1) WHAT WERE THE KEY VARIABLES YOU CONSIDER IN YOUR SELECTION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP BASED PFP SYSTEM? We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Managment Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Managment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Managment Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Answer: The various variables that should be considered are as follows: a)workers values outcomes(money, prizes) b) Outcome is valued relative to other rewards. c) Desired performance must be measurable. d) Workers must be able to control rate of output or quality. ) Workers must be capable of increasing output or quality. f) Workers must believe that capability to increase exists. g) Workers must believe that increased output will result in receiving a reward. h) Size of reward must be sufficient to stimulate increased effort. i) Performance measures must be compatible with strategic goals for short and long term. 3) WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WOULD LEAD YOU TO CONCLUDE THAT A PFP SYSTEM WOULD NOT BE IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE ORGANIZATION? Answer: The various circumstances that would lead to failure of a PFP system would be as follows: a) Poor perceived connection between performance and pay ) The level of performance-based pay is too low relative to base pay. The cost of more highly moti vating programs may be prohibitive. c) Lack of objective, countable results for most jobs, requiring the use of performance ratings. d) Faulty performance appraisal system, with poor cooperation for managers, leniency bias in the appraisal, and resistance to change. e) Union resistance to such system and to change in general. f) Poor connection between PFP outcomes and corporate performance measures.

Movie Analysis - Charlie Chaplins Modern Times essays

Movie Analysis - Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times essays In Modern Times Charlie Chaplin's character is the quintessential walker." His home is the public places of the city .In this sense he could be easily compared to Walter Benjamin's Flaneur. However his role as a working class laborer, searching for money, food and shelter denies him the freedom of the flaneur and sets him apart from him. The flaneur is essentially a middle class romantic. A person who is enchanted by the teeming crowds of the city, while still possessing the economic privilege to stand outside of it looking in. Chaplin's character is a proletarian, a man defined by his labour in much the same way as a machine. He is a commodity. His dual role of Flaneur and proletarian are represented in his directorial choice of images and dialogue as well as the unique physical style of his little tramp." He walks the streets in search of, not cheap thrills or idle entertainment, like the typical flaneur. Instead he seeks a job that will give definition to his rootless existence. In Walter Benjamin's essay The Flaneur the author suggests that the first literary endeavor of this new species of city dweller was panorama literature or physiologies. In these texts different classes, creeds and breeds of the new and unfamiliar Industrial Age were simplified into differing groups of innocuous caricatures. Benjamin suggests that there were quite weighty motives for this style of anthropology. Someone who sees without hearing is much more uneasy than someone who hears without seeing. In the new city strangers were suddenly thrust together. The most extreme example of this being the new technologies of transportation. On buses and trains people were forced to look at these threatening strangers for long minutes or even hours. It was comforting to be able to view these people as harmless oddballs. Its only fitting then that Chaplins ...

Christian Ethics Essay Sample

Christian Ethics Essay Sample Christian Ethics Essay In our day to day activities, we always strive to meet and satisfy our needs and wants. To many, our opinions come fast but to others, it’s vice versa. Many people fear being judged by the society at large due to their prestige while others care less about what people say about them. Every society has its standards and acting against such often warrants ridicule. What people fail to realize is that harsh judgment in the society can lead to dire casualties such as loss of lives due to depression and peer pressure. That said, people also ought to live lives that are purposeful to them since the society is not responsible for what happens to them. Biblically, we ought to live a life that is pleasing to God more so since He is the giver of life. In a Christian perception, moral principles can help us greatly in living such a life. Unambiguously, Christian ethics helps a lot in trying to solve our life situations. The Bible is also an important entity which is a key in helping us to grow morally. Utter use of the moral values found in the Bible helps a lot in sorting out our life issues. The Bible states that faith without action is dead. We ought to show God that we have faith in Him and that we trust Him with our lives. Mere practice of showing that you have faith is not that pleasing in the eyes of God but one ought to practice the morals being communicated. Violence erupts in many societies but it is our key responsibility to ensure that peace prevails. We must fight against all odds to live together in harmony. We should always be willing to offer a listening heart to our fellow society members. The Bible teaches us to always treat our neighbors how we expect them to treat us. We should also love our neighbors as much as we love ourselves, but majorly we should love God most. Such a command is quite influential especially to Christians who are, therefore, expected to love and put others before them. Many people do not know what the word of God says. Christians should share the word of God with those who have lost hope in life, those who lead a life that is not pleasing to God and those who choose to be pressured by the pleasures of the world. Ethically, God is pleased when His word is spread all over and more souls come to Him. Introducing new souls to the church also helps in making them understand the word much better. Abiding by the church laws morally is also a major virtue of Christian ethics. By winning souls for God, Christians learn to be servants which is also a command and one of the moral principles of being a Christian. Christians are also expected to abstain from drugs or any other thing that may tempt them to act in evil. The abuse of drugs and falling into temptations does lead to major casualties. The Bible calls our bodies are the temples of the Holy Spirit. Using drugs interferes with our being pure and as Christians we ought to teach ourselves and others to practice self control. Abstaining from drugs and temptations makes us not sin before God. At times it is hard to do so but through consistent prayers, we can ask God to step in and give u strength to overcome the temptation to sin. Knowledge of the scripture is an important virtue of Christian ethics. People are usually undecided on whether what they are doing is right or wrong. Some people end up doing the wrong thing due to lack of knowledge of what is expected. However, Christians need to immerse themselves deeply in the Bible and understand what God expects of them. In conclusion, Christian ethics is relevant today because it fills a void that no material moral system can manage to fill satisfactorily. Christian ethics helps us learn how important is God and how important are His word and His creations.

Advance Directives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advance Directives - Essay Example End-of-life wishes are not common among many people. This is because individuals allow life to take its natural course. In the process, aggressive care is provided until life is lost, whether or not the illness is terminal. Moreover, many people fail to draft a living will citing ethical concerns in the society. For others, executing advance directives is deemed to conflict with the essence of medicine. As a result, majority of people shun advance directives. In order to complete an advance directive, it is important for people to know what it takes or entails to make an end-of-life decision (Understanding Advance Directives). More people will complete advance directives following a vibrant awareness creation. Without awareness, people will continue to shun advance directives. On the same note, understanding the complexities surrounding a terminal illness is critical. Costs keep accumulating as the patient nears death every day that passes. It is, therefore, important for people to understand the ethics, rights, and benefits associated with end-of-life

North Miami Council Meeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

North Miami Council Meeting - Essay Example In this report, the meeting I attended was held in Miami city. The city council government organized the meeting among another stakeholder of the regional government. The meeting majorly put more emphasis and addressed some of the major problems affecting its citizens. The meeting was conducted on Tuesday 9th June 2015 in the evening exactly 7.00. as it is the order of every meeting, a role call was briefly performed to ascertain the members who were present and those who are not. The list of those who were absent with apology was noted and at the same time those without apology (Burrill, 1962). Pledge of allegiance by detective Rocio, who works with North Miami police, was conducted, and after that Pastor Gregory Toussaint, who led the tabernacle of glory, put members through invocation. Oath of office administration was the section that carried more attention of the meeting. Dr. Dorothy Bndross Mindingall assisted by the school board manager in District 2 conducted it. Other events preceded this main event. The order of the business has a breakdown of subsections. These subsections were additions and deletions, amendments and deferrals (Burrill, 1962). The meeting had more issues that were to be discussed. Among the questions comprised in the order of the business, individual presentations, city events, hurricane preparedness and consent agenda. The questions that the officials put more emphasis and discussed are the certification and of the results that were returned during the runoff election process. Pursue of this was retrieved from the previous meeting that was held at the same venue. As a council, they proposed the purchase of the order one of new transit to issue in by the police department at the agreed cost. Equipment that was brought up was scheduled to be purchased separately by the council for enforcing the law (Burrill, 1962). Another proposal that was passed